Add SISTEM KEAMANAN PINTU RUMAH DENGAN RFID (RADIO FREQUENCY INDENTIFICATION) BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS
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#include <SPI.h>
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#include <MFRC522.h>
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#include <WiFi.h>
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#include <PubSubClient.h>
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#include <Wire.h>
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#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
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#include <ArduinoJson.h>
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#include <EEPROM.h>
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// ========== HARDWARE CONFIGURATION ========== //
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#define SS_PIN 5 // RFID SDA pin
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#define RST_PIN 27 // RFID Reset pin
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#define RELAY_PIN 26 // Relay
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#define LED_ACCESS 15 // Green LED
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#define LED_DENIED 12 // Red LED
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#define BUTTON_PIN 14 // Manual button
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// ========== LCD CONFIGURATION ========== //
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#define LCD_ADDRESS 0x27 // I2C address (usually 0x27 or 0x3F)
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#define LCD_COLS 16 // 16x2 LCD
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#define LCD_ROWS 2
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LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(LCD_ADDRESS, LCD_COLS, LCD_ROWS);
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// ========== NETWORK CONFIGURATION ========== //
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const char* ssid = "POCO X7 Pro";
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const char* password = "12345678";
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const char* mqtt_server = "192.168.214.186";
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const int mqtt_port = 1883;
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// ========== EEPROM CONFIGURATION ========== //
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#define EEPROM_SIZE 512
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#define MAX_CARDS 20 // Maximum stored cards
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#define UID_LENGTH 20 // RFID UID length
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// ========== MQTT TOPICS ========== //
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const char* mqtt_topic_status = "doorlock/status";
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const char* mqtt_topic_control = "doorlock/control";
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const char* mqtt_topic_access = "doorlock/access";
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const char* mqtt_topic_card_manage = "doorlock/card/manage";
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const char* mqtt_topic_card_response = "doorlock/card/response";
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// ========== GLOBAL VARIABLES ========== //
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WiFiClient espClient;
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PubSubClient client(espClient);
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MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN);
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String allowedUIDs[MAX_CARDS];
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int allowedUIDsCount = 0;
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bool doorUnlocked = false;
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unsigned long unlockStartTime = 0;
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const unsigned long unlockDuration = 5000; // Door unlock duration (5 sec)
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unsigned long lastRFIDRead = 0;
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const unsigned long rfidDebounce = 1000; // RFID debounce time (1 sec)
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void setup() {
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Serial.begin(115200);
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// Initialize EEPROM
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EEPROM.begin(EEPROM_SIZE);
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loadRegisteredCards();
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// Initialize LCD (simplified)
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Wire.begin();
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lcd.init();
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lcd.backlight();
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lcd.clear();
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lcd.print("Initializing...");
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// Initialize RFID
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SPI.begin();
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mfrc522.PCD_Init();
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delay(100); // RFID stabilization
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// Initialize GPIO
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pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT);
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pinMode(LED_ACCESS, OUTPUT);
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pinMode(LED_DENIED, OUTPUT);
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pinMode(BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
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digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH); // Ensure door is locked
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// Connect to WiFi & MQTT
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connectWiFi();
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client.setServer(mqtt_server, mqtt_port);
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client.setCallback(mqttCallback);
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lcd.clear();
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lcd.print("System Ready");
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Serial.println("[SYSTEM] System ready");
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}
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void loop() {
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if (!client.connected()) {
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reconnectMQTT();
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}
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client.loop();
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handleButton();
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handleRFID();
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handleUnlockTimer();
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}
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// ========== LCD FUNCTIONS ========== //
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void updateLCD(String line1, String line2) {
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lcd.clear();
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lcd.print(line1.substring(0, LCD_COLS));
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lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
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lcd.print(line2.substring(0, LCD_COLS));
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}
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void resetDisplay() {
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lcd.clear();
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lcd.print("Smart Door Lock");
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lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
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lcd.print("Tap RFID Card");
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}
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// ========== RFID FUNCTIONS ========== //
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void handleRFID() {
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if (millis() - lastRFIDRead < rfidDebounce) return;
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if (mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent() && mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial()) {
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String uid = getRFIDUID();
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lastRFIDRead = millis();
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Serial.println("[RFID] Card detected: " + uid);
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updateLCD("UID Detected:", uid.substring(0, 16));
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delay(1000);
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if (checkAccess(uid)) {
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unlockDoor();
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publishAccess("rfid", "granted", uid);
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} else {
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showAccessDenied();
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publishAccess("rfid", "denied", uid);
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}
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mfrc522.PICC_HaltA();
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mfrc522.PCD_StopCrypto1();
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}
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}
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String getRFIDUID() {
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String content;
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for (byte i = 0; i < mfrc522.uid.size; i++) {
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content.concat(mfrc522.uid.uidByte[i] < 0x10 ? " 0" : " ");
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content.concat(String(mfrc522.uid.uidByte[i], HEX));
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}
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content.toUpperCase();
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content.trim();
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return content;
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}
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// ========== ACCESS MANAGEMENT ========== //
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bool checkAccess(String uid) {
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String normalizedUID = uid;
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normalizedUID.replace(" ", "");
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for (int i = 0; i < allowedUIDsCount; i++) {
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String allowedUID = allowedUIDs[i];
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allowedUID.replace(" ", "");
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if (normalizedUID.equals(allowedUID)) {
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return true;
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}
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}
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return false;
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}
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void unlockDoor() {
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digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW);
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digitalWrite(LED_ACCESS, HIGH);
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updateLCD("Access Granted", "Door Unlocked");
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doorUnlocked = true;
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unlockStartTime = millis();
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client.publish(mqtt_topic_status, "unlocked");
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Serial.println("[DOOR] Door unlocked");
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}
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void lockDoor() {
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digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH);
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digitalWrite(LED_ACCESS, LOW);
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resetDisplay();
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doorUnlocked = false;
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client.publish(mqtt_topic_status, "locked");
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Serial.println("[DOOR] Door locked");
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}
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void handleUnlockTimer() {
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if (doorUnlocked && millis() - unlockStartTime > unlockDuration) {
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lockDoor();
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}
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}
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void showAccessDenied() {
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updateLCD("Access Denied", "Invalid Card");
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digitalWrite(LED_DENIED, HIGH);
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delay(1500);
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digitalWrite(LED_DENIED, LOW);
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resetDisplay();
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}
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// ========== EEPROM FUNCTIONS ========== //
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void saveRegisteredCards() {
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EEPROM.write(0, allowedUIDsCount);
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for(int i = 0; i < allowedUIDsCount; i++) {
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int addr = 1 + (i * UID_LENGTH);
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String uid = allowedUIDs[i];
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for(int j = 0; j < uid.length(); j++) {
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EEPROM.write(addr + j, uid[j]);
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}
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EEPROM.write(addr + uid.length(), '\0');
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}
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EEPROM.commit();
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Serial.println("[EEPROM] Card data saved");
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}
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void loadRegisteredCards() {
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allowedUIDsCount = EEPROM.read(0);
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if(allowedUIDsCount > MAX_CARDS) allowedUIDsCount = 0;
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for(int i = 0; i < allowedUIDsCount; i++) {
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int addr = 1 + (i * UID_LENGTH);
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String uid;
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char c;
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while((c = EEPROM.read(addr++)) != '\0' && uid.length() < UID_LENGTH) {
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uid += c;
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}
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allowedUIDs[i] = uid;
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Serial.println("[EEPROM] Loaded card: " + uid);
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}
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}
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// ========== NETWORK FUNCTIONS ========== //
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void connectWiFi() {
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Serial.println("[WiFi] Connecting...");
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WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
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updateLCD("Connecting WiFi", "");
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int attempts = 0;
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while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED && attempts < 20) {
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delay(500);
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Serial.print(".");
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attempts++;
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}
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if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
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Serial.println("\n[WiFi] Connected");
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Serial.println("IP Address: " + WiFi.localIP().toString());
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updateLCD("WiFi Connected", WiFi.localIP().toString());
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delay(1000);
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} else {
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Serial.println("\n[WiFi] Connection failed");
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updateLCD("WiFi Failed", "Check Connection");
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delay(2000);
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}
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}
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void reconnectMQTT() {
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while (!client.connected()) {
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Serial.println("[MQTT] Connecting...");
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updateLCD("Connecting MQTT", "");
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if (client.connect("ESP32DoorLock")) {
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Serial.println("[MQTT] Connected");
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client.subscribe(mqtt_topic_control);
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client.subscribe(mqtt_topic_card_manage);
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client.publish(mqtt_topic_status, "System Ready");
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updateLCD("MQTT Connected", "System Ready");
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delay(1000);
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} else {
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Serial.print("[MQTT] Failed, rc=");
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Serial.print(client.state());
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updateLCD("MQTT Failed", "Retrying...");
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delay(5000);
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}
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}
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resetDisplay();
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}
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// ========== MQTT CALLBACK ========== //
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void mqttCallback(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length) {
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String message;
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for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
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message += (char)payload[i];
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}
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Serial.print("[MQTT] Message received: [");
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Serial.print(topic);
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Serial.print("] ");
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Serial.println(message);
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if (String(topic) == mqtt_topic_control) {
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if (message.equalsIgnoreCase("OPEN")) {
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unlockDoor();
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publishAccess("remote", "granted", "");
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} else if (message.equalsIgnoreCase("LOCK")) {
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lockDoor();
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}
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}
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else if (String(topic) == mqtt_topic_card_manage) {
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handleCardManagement(message);
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}
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}
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void handleCardManagement(String message) {
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DynamicJsonDocument doc(256);
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DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(doc, message);
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if (error) {
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Serial.print("[MQTT] JSON parse error: ");
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Serial.println(error.c_str());
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return;
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}
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String action = doc["action"];
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String uid = doc["uid"];
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String normalizedUID = uid;
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normalizedUID.replace(" ", "");
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if (action == "add") {
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if (allowedUIDsCount >= MAX_CARDS) {
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String response = "{\"status\":\"error\",\"message\":\"Card capacity full\"}";
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client.publish(mqtt_topic_card_response, response.c_str());
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updateLCD("Add Failed", "Capacity Full");
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delay(2000);
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resetDisplay();
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return;
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}
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for (int i = 0; i < allowedUIDsCount; i++) {
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String existingUID = allowedUIDs[i];
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existingUID.replace(" ", "");
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if (normalizedUID.equals(existingUID)) {
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String response = "{\"status\":\"error\",\"message\":\"Card already registered\"}";
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client.publish(mqtt_topic_card_response, response.c_str());
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updateLCD("Card Already", "Registered");
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delay(2000);
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resetDisplay();
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return;
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}
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}
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allowedUIDs[allowedUIDsCount] = uid;
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allowedUIDsCount++;
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saveRegisteredCards();
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String response = "{\"status\":\"success\",\"message\":\"Card added successfully\"}";
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client.publish(mqtt_topic_card_response, response.c_str());
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updateLCD("Card Added", uid.substring(0, 16));
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delay(2000);
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resetDisplay();
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}
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else if (action == "remove") {
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bool removed = false;
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for (int i = 0; i < allowedUIDsCount; i++) {
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String existingUID = allowedUIDs[i];
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existingUID.replace(" ", "");
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if (normalizedUID.equals(existingUID)) {
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for (int j = i; j < allowedUIDsCount - 1; j++) {
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allowedUIDs[j] = allowedUIDs[j+1];
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}
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allowedUIDsCount--;
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removed = true;
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saveRegisteredCards();
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break;
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}
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}
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if (removed) {
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String response = "{\"status\":\"success\",\"message\":\"Card removed successfully\"}";
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client.publish(mqtt_topic_card_response, response.c_str());
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updateLCD("Card Removed", uid.substring(0, 16));
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} else {
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String response = "{\"status\":\"error\",\"message\":\"Card not found\"}";
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client.publish(mqtt_topic_card_response, response.c_str());
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updateLCD("Card Not", "Found");
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}
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delay(2000);
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resetDisplay();
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}
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}
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void publishAccess(String method, String status, String uid) {
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String payload = "{\"method\":\"" + method + "\",\"status\":\"" + status + "\",\"uid\":\"" + uid + "\",\"time\":" + millis() + "}";
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client.publish(mqtt_topic_access, payload.c_str());
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Serial.println("[ACCESS] " + payload);
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}
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// ========== MANUAL BUTTON ========== //
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void handleButton() {
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static unsigned long lastButtonPress = 0;
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static bool lastButtonState = HIGH; // Menyimpan state sebelumnya
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static bool buttonPressed = false; // Flag untuk menandai tombol sudah diproses
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const unsigned long debounceTime = 500; // Diperpanjang menjadi 500ms
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bool currentButtonState = digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN);
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// Deteksi perubahan state (edge detection)
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if (currentButtonState != lastButtonState) {
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lastButtonPress = millis();
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lastButtonState = currentButtonState;
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buttonPressed = false;
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}
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// Jika tombol ditekan (LOW) dan belum diproses
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if (currentButtonState == LOW && !buttonPressed && millis() - lastButtonPress > debounceTime) {
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buttonPressed = true; // Set flag bahwa tombol sudah diproses
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if (!doorUnlocked) {
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Serial.println("[BUTTON] Door unlocked manually");
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unlockDoor();
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publishAccess("button", "granted", "");
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updateLCD("Manual Access", "Door Unlocked");
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}
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}
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}
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