diff --git a/app/Console/InspireCommand.php b/app/Console/Commands/InspireCommand.php
similarity index 94%
rename from app/Console/InspireCommand.php
rename to app/Console/Commands/InspireCommand.php
index 326caa1d..2d5b09b7 100644
--- a/app/Console/InspireCommand.php
+++ b/app/Console/Commands/InspireCommand.php
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?php namespace App\Console;
+<?php namespace App\Console\Commands;
 
 use Illuminate\Console\Command;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Inspiring;
diff --git a/app/Console/Kernel.php b/app/Console/Kernel.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4e756b60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Console/Kernel.php
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<?php namespace App\Console;
+
+use Exception;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Console\Kernel as ConsoleKernel;
+
+class Kernel extends ConsoleKernel {
+
+	/**
+	 * The bootstrap classes for the application.
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected $bootstrappers = [
+		'Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\LoadEnvironment',
+		'Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\LoadConfiguration',
+		'Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\RegisterProviders',
+		'Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\BootProviders',
+	];
+
+	/**
+	 * Run the console application.
+	 *
+	 * @param  \Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface  $input
+	 * @param  \Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface  $output
+	 * @return int
+	 */
+	public function handle($input, $output = null)
+	{
+		try
+		{
+			return parent::handle($input, $output);
+		}
+		catch (Exception $e)
+		{
+			$output->writeln((string) $e);
+
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/app/Http/Kernel.php b/app/Http/Kernel.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..796cda8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Http/Kernel.php
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<?php namespace App\Http;
+
+use Exception;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel as HttpKernel;
+
+class Kernel extends HttpKernel {
+
+	/**
+	 * The bootstrap classes for the application.
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected $bootstrappers = [
+		'Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\LoadEnvironment',
+		'Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\HandleExceptions',
+		'Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\LoadConfiguration',
+		'Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\RegisterProviders',
+		'Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\BootProviders',
+	];
+
+	/**
+	 * The application's HTTP middleware stack.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $stack = [
+		'App\Http\Middleware\MaintenanceMiddleware',
+		'Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\Guard',
+		'Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\Queue',
+		'Illuminate\Session\Middleware\Reader',
+		'Illuminate\Session\Middleware\Writer',
+		'Illuminate\View\Middleware\ErrorBinder',
+		'App\Http\Middleware\CsrfMiddleware',
+	];
+
+	/**
+	 * Handle an incoming HTTP request.
+	 *
+	 * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
+	 * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
+	 */
+	public function handle($request)
+	{
+		try
+		{
+			return parent::handle($request);
+		}
+		catch (Exception $e)
+		{
+			throw $e;
+		}
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php b/app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 3a973665..00000000
--- a/app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-<?php namespace App\Providers;
-
-use Illuminate\Routing\Router;
-use Illuminate\Routing\Stack\Builder as Stack;
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Support\Providers\AppServiceProvider as ServiceProvider;
-
-class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider {
-
-	/**
-	 * All of the application's route middleware keys.
-	 *
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	protected $middleware = [
-		'auth' => 'App\Http\Middleware\AuthMiddleware',
-		'auth.basic' => 'App\Http\Middleware\BasicAuthMiddleware',
-		'csrf' => 'App\Http\Middleware\CsrfMiddleware',
-		'guest' => 'App\Http\Middleware\GuestMiddleware',
-	];
-
-	/**
-	 * The application's middleware stack.
-	 *
-	 * @var array
-	 */
-	protected $stack = [
-		'App\Http\Middleware\MaintenanceMiddleware',
-		'Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\Guard',
-		'Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\Queue',
-		'Illuminate\Session\Middleware\Reader',
-		'Illuminate\Session\Middleware\Writer',
-		'Illuminate\View\Middleware\ErrorBinder',
-		'App\Http\Middleware\CsrfMiddleware',
-	];
-
-	/**
-	 * Build the application stack based on the provider properties.
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function stack()
-	{
-		$this->app->stack(function(Stack $stack, Router $router)
-		{
-			return $stack
-				->middleware($this->stack)->then(function($request) use ($router)
-				{
-					return $router->dispatch($request);
-				});
-			});
-	}
-
-}
diff --git a/app/Providers/ArtisanServiceProvider.php b/app/Providers/ArtisanServiceProvider.php
index 97c67f5b..6b2e39e1 100644
--- a/app/Providers/ArtisanServiceProvider.php
+++ b/app/Providers/ArtisanServiceProvider.php
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class ArtisanServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider {
 	 */
 	public function register()
 	{
-		$this->commands('App\Console\InspireCommand');
+		$this->commands('App\Console\Commands\InspireCommand');
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ public function register()
 	 */
 	public function provides()
 	{
-		return ['App\Console\InspireCommand'];
+		return ['App\Console\Commands\InspireCommand'];
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/app/Providers/ErrorServiceProvider.php b/app/Providers/ErrorServiceProvider.php
deleted file mode 100644
index aa83fc1d..00000000
--- a/app/Providers/ErrorServiceProvider.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-<?php namespace App\Providers;
-
-use Exception;
-use Illuminate\Contracts\Logging\Log;
-use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
-use Illuminate\Contracts\Exception\Handler;
-
-class ErrorServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider {
-
-	/**
-	 * Register any error handlers.
-	 *
-	 * @param  Handler  $handler
-	 * @param  Log  $log
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function boot(Handler $handler, Log $log)
-	{
-		// Here you may handle any errors that occur in your application, including
-		// logging them or displaying custom views for specific errors. You may
-		// even register several error handlers to handle different types of
-		// exceptions. If nothing is returned, the default error view is
-		// shown, which includes a detailed stack trace during debug.
-		$handler->error(function(Exception $e) use ($log)
-		{
-			$log->error($e);
-		});
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Register the service provider.
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	public function register()
-	{
-		//
-	}
-
-}
diff --git a/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php b/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php
index cb82503a..e1fa99c0 100644
--- a/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php
+++ b/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php
@@ -5,13 +5,6 @@
 
 class RouteServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider {
 
-	/**
-	 * The root namespace to assume when generating URLs to actions.
-	 *
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	protected $rootUrlNamespace = 'App\Http\Controllers';
-
 	/**
 	 * The controllers to scan for route annotations.
 	 *
@@ -23,6 +16,18 @@ class RouteServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider {
 		'App\Http\Controllers\Auth\PasswordController',
 	];
 
+	/**
+	 * All of the application's route middleware keys.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $middleware = [
+		'auth' => 'App\Http\Middleware\AuthMiddleware',
+		'auth.basic' => 'App\Http\Middleware\BasicAuthMiddleware',
+		'csrf' => 'App\Http\Middleware\CsrfMiddleware',
+		'guest' => 'App\Http\Middleware\GuestMiddleware',
+	];
+
 	/**
 	 * Called before routes are registered.
 	 *
diff --git a/artisan b/artisan
index 5c408ad8..ae8bdafe 100755
--- a/artisan
+++ b/artisan
@@ -27,23 +27,7 @@ require __DIR__.'/bootstrap/autoload.php';
 |
 */
 
-$app = require_once __DIR__.'/bootstrap/start.php';
-
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Load The Artisan Console Application
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| We'll need to run the script to load and return the Artisan console
-| application. We keep this in its own script so that we will load
-| the console application independent of running commands which
-| will allow us to fire commands from Routes when we want to.
-|
-*/
-
-$app->setRequestForConsoleEnvironment();
-
-$artisan = Illuminate\Console\Application::start($app);
+$app = require_once __DIR__.'/bootstrap/app.php';
 
 /*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -56,7 +40,10 @@ $artisan = Illuminate\Console\Application::start($app);
 |
 */
 
-$status = $artisan->run();
+$status = $app->make('Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel')->handle(
+	new Symfony\Component\Console\Input\ArgvInput,
+	new Symfony\Component\Console\Output\ConsoleOutput
+);
 
 /*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -69,6 +56,4 @@ $status = $artisan->run();
 |
 */
 
-$app->shutdown();
-
 exit($status);
diff --git a/bootstrap/app.php b/bootstrap/app.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c696f3bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bootstrap/app.php
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<?php
+
+/*
+|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+| Create The Application
+|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+|
+| The first thing we will do is create a new Laravel application instance
+| which serves as the "glue" for all the components of Laravel, and is
+| the IoC container for the system binding all of the various parts.
+|
+*/
+
+$app = new Illuminate\Foundation\Application(
+	realpath(__DIR__.'/..')
+);
+
+/*
+|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+| Create The Application
+|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+|
+| The first thing we will do is create a new Laravel application instance
+| which serves as the "glue" for all the components of Laravel, and is
+| the IoC container for the system binding all of the various parts.
+|
+*/
+
+$app->bind(
+	'Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel',
+	'App\Http\Kernel'
+);
+
+$app->bind(
+	'Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel',
+	'App\Console\Kernel'
+);
+
+/*
+|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+| Return The Application
+|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+|
+| This script returns the application instance. The instance is given to
+| the calling script so we can separate the building of the instances
+| from the actual running of the application and sending responses.
+|
+*/
+
+return $app;
diff --git a/bootstrap/autoload.php b/bootstrap/autoload.php
index f75601b2..f2a9d567 100644
--- a/bootstrap/autoload.php
+++ b/bootstrap/autoload.php
@@ -33,19 +33,3 @@
 {
 	require $compiledPath;
 }
-
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Register The Workbench Loaders
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| The Laravel workbench provides a convenient place to develop packages
-| when working locally. However we will need to load in the Composer
-| auto-load files for the packages so that these can be used here.
-|
-*/
-
-if (is_dir($workbench = __DIR__.'/../workbench'))
-{
-	Illuminate\Workbench\Starter::start($workbench);
-}
diff --git a/bootstrap/environment.php b/bootstrap/environment.php
deleted file mode 100644
index bb77b5fd..00000000
--- a/bootstrap/environment.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Load Environment Variables
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| Next we will load the environment variables for the application which
-| are stored in the ".env" file. These variables will be loaded into
-| the $_ENV and "putenv" facilities of PHP so they stay available.
-|
-*/
-
-if (file_exists(__DIR__.'/../.env'))
-{
-	Dotenv::load(__DIR__.'/../');
-
-	//Dotenv::required('APP_ENV');
-}
-
-
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Detect The Application Environment
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| Laravel takes a dead simple approach to your application environments
-| so you may simply return the environment from the Closure. We will
-| assume we are using the "APP_ENV" variable for this environment.
-|
-*/
-
-$env = $app->detectEnvironment(function()
-{
-	return getenv('APP_ENV') ?: 'production';
-});
diff --git a/bootstrap/paths.php b/bootstrap/paths.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 9d9d14bc..00000000
--- a/bootstrap/paths.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-return [
-
-	/*
-	|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-	| Application Path
-	|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-	|
-	| Here we just defined the path to the application directory. Most likely
-	| you will never need to change this value as the default setup should
-	| work perfectly fine for the vast majority of all our applications.
-	|
-	*/
-
-	'app' => __DIR__.'/../app',
-
-	/*
-	|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-	| Base Path
-	|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-	|
-	| The base path is the root of the Laravel installation. Most likely you
-	| will not need to change this value. But, if for some wild reason it
-	| is necessary you will do so here, just proceed with some caution.
-	|
-	*/
-
-	'base' => __DIR__.'/..',
-
-	/*
-	|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-	| Configuration Path
-	|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-	|
-	| This path is used by the configuration loader to load the application
-	| configuration files. In general, you should'nt need to change this
-	| value; however, you can theoretically change the path from here.
-	|
-	*/
-
-	'config' => __DIR__.'/../config',
-
-	/*
-	|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-	| Database Path
-	|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-	|
-	| This path is used by the migration generator and migration runner to
-	| know where to place your fresh database migration classes. You're
-	| free to modify the path but you probably will not ever need to.
-	|
-	*/
-
-	'database' => __DIR__.'/../database',
-
-	/*
-	|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-	| Language Path
-	|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-	|
-	| This path is used by the language file loader to load your application
-	| language files. The purpose of these files is to store your strings
-	| that are translated into other languages for views, e-mails, etc.
-	|
-	*/
-
-	'lang' => __DIR__.'/../resources/lang',
-
-	/*
-	|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-	| Public Path
-	|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-	|
-	| The public path contains the assets for your web application, such as
-	| your JavaScript and CSS files, and also contains the primary entry
-	| point for web requests into these applications from the outside.
-	|
-	*/
-
-	'public' => __DIR__.'/../public',
-
-	/*
-	|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-	| Storage Path
-	|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-	|
-	| The storage path is used by Laravel to store cached Blade views, logs
-	| and other pieces of information. You may modify the path here when
-	| you want to change the location of this directory for your apps.
-	|
-	*/
-
-	'storage' => __DIR__.'/../storage',
-
-];
diff --git a/bootstrap/start.php b/bootstrap/start.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 949f2e5f..00000000
--- a/bootstrap/start.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Create The Application
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| The first thing we will do is create a new Laravel application instance
-| which serves as the "glue" for all the components of Laravel, and is
-| the IoC container for the system binding all of the various parts.
-|
-*/
-
-$app = new Illuminate\Foundation\Application;
-
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Detect The Application Environment
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| Laravel takes a dead simple approach to your application environments
-| so you can just specify a machine name for the host that matches a
-| given environment, then we will automatically detect it for you.
-|
-*/
-
-require __DIR__.'/environment.php';
-
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Bind Paths
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| Here we are binding the paths configured in paths.php to the app. You
-| should not be changing these here. If you need to change these you
-| may do so within the paths.php file and they will be bound here.
-|
-*/
-
-$app->bindInstallPaths(require __DIR__.'/paths.php');
-
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Load The Application
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| Here we will load this Illuminate application. We will keep this in a
-| separate location so we can isolate the creation of an application
-| from the actual running of the application with a given request.
-|
-*/
-
-$framework = $app['path.base'].
-                 '/vendor/laravel/framework/src';
-
-require $framework.'/Illuminate/Foundation/start.php';
-
-/*
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-| Return The Application
-|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-|
-| This script returns the application instance. The instance is given to
-| the calling script so we can separate the building of the instances
-| from the actual running of the application and sending responses.
-|
-*/
-
-return $app;
diff --git a/config/app.php b/config/app.php
index cc17a05a..97a53115 100644
--- a/config/app.php
+++ b/config/app.php
@@ -98,9 +98,7 @@
 		/*
 		 * Application Service Providers...
 		 */
-		'App\Providers\AppServiceProvider',
 		'App\Providers\ArtisanServiceProvider',
-		'App\Providers\ErrorServiceProvider',
 		'App\Providers\EventServiceProvider',
 		'App\Providers\LogServiceProvider',
 		'App\Providers\RouteServiceProvider',
diff --git a/config/compile.php b/config/compile.php
index c922bf70..c3ef5e3b 100644
--- a/config/compile.php
+++ b/config/compile.php
@@ -15,9 +15,7 @@
 
 	'files' => [
 
-		__DIR__.'/../app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php',
 		__DIR__.'/../app/Providers/ArtisanServiceProvider.php',
-		__DIR__.'/../app/Providers/ErrorServiceProvider.php',
 		__DIR__.'/../app/Providers/EventServiceProvider.php',
 		__DIR__.'/../app/Providers/LogServiceProvider.php',
 		__DIR__.'/../app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php',
diff --git a/phpunit.xml b/phpunit.xml
index 8745dfab..b22af540 100644
--- a/phpunit.xml
+++ b/phpunit.xml
@@ -8,11 +8,13 @@
          convertWarningsToExceptions="true"
          processIsolation="false"
          stopOnFailure="false"
-         syntaxCheck="false"
->
+         syntaxCheck="false">
     <testsuites>
         <testsuite name="Application Test Suite">
             <directory>./tests/</directory>
         </testsuite>
     </testsuites>
+    <php>
+        <env name="APP_ENV" value="testing"/>
+    </php>
 </phpunit>
diff --git a/public/index.php b/public/index.php
index f08822d9..31fd0003 100644
--- a/public/index.php
+++ b/public/index.php
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 |
 */
 
-$app = require_once __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/start.php';
+$app = require_once __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/app.php';
 
 /*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -46,4 +46,8 @@
 |
 */
 
-$app->run();
+$response = $app->make('Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel')->handle(
+	Illuminate\Http\Request::capture()
+);
+
+$response->send();
diff --git a/tests/ExampleTest.php b/tests/ExampleTest.php
index 62387de1..1ea4acd2 100644
--- a/tests/ExampleTest.php
+++ b/tests/ExampleTest.php
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ class ExampleTest extends TestCase {
 	 */
 	public function testBasicExample()
 	{
-		$crawler = $this->client->request('GET', '/');
+		$response = $this->call('GET', '/');
 
-		$this->assertTrue($this->client->getResponse()->isOk());
+		$this->assertEquals(200, $response->getStatusCode());
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/tests/TestCase.php b/tests/TestCase.php
index 2d342939..0d377197 100644
--- a/tests/TestCase.php
+++ b/tests/TestCase.php
@@ -5,15 +5,11 @@ class TestCase extends Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\TestCase {
 	/**
 	 * Creates the application.
 	 *
-	 * @return \Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernelInterface
+	 * @return \Illuminate\Foundation\Application
 	 */
 	public function createApplication()
 	{
-		$unitTesting = true;
-
-		$testEnvironment = 'testing';
-
-		return require __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/start.php';
+		return require __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/app.php';
 	}
 
 }