diff --git a/.env.example b/.env.example
index afbeae44..86aab15f 100644
--- a/.env.example
+++ b/.env.example
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 APP_ENV=local
 APP_DEBUG=true
 APP_KEY=SomeRandomString
+APP_URL=http://localhost
 
 DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
+DB_PORT=3306
 DB_DATABASE=homestead
 DB_USERNAME=homestead
 DB_PASSWORD=secret
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 2ff24d0f..6b3af3fe 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /vendor
 /node_modules
+/public/storage
 Homestead.yaml
 Homestead.json
 .env
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/AuthController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/AuthController.php
index 2d7b1a92..a100dd6e 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/AuthController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/AuthController.php
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class AuthController extends Controller
      */
     public function __construct()
     {
-        $this->middleware('guest', ['except' => 'logout']);
+        $this->middleware($this->guestMiddleware(), ['except' => 'logout']);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ protected function validator(array $data)
         return Validator::make($data, [
             'name' => 'required|max:255',
             'email' => 'required|email|max:255|unique:users',
-            'password' => 'required|confirmed|min:6',
+            'password' => 'required|min:6|confirmed',
         ]);
     }
 
diff --git a/app/Listeners/.gitkeep b/app/Listeners/.gitkeep
index e69de29b..8b137891 100644
--- a/app/Listeners/.gitkeep
+++ b/app/Listeners/.gitkeep
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
diff --git a/app/Policies/.gitkeep b/app/Policies/.gitkeep
index e69de29b..8b137891 100644
--- a/app/Policies/.gitkeep
+++ b/app/Policies/.gitkeep
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
diff --git a/config/app.php b/config/app.php
index 04ae95e1..4fc7a63f 100644
--- a/config/app.php
+++ b/config/app.php
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
     |
     */
 
-    'url' => 'http://localhost',
+    'url' => env('APP_URL', 'http://localhost'),
 
     /*
     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -171,36 +171,36 @@
 
     'aliases' => [
 
-        'App'       => Illuminate\Support\Facades\App::class,
-        'Artisan'   => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Artisan::class,
-        'Auth'      => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth::class,
-        'Blade'     => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Blade::class,
-        'Cache'     => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache::class,
-        'Config'    => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Config::class,
-        'Cookie'    => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cookie::class,
-        'Crypt'     => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Crypt::class,
-        'DB'        => Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB::class,
-        'Eloquent'  => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model::class,
-        'Event'     => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Event::class,
-        'File'      => Illuminate\Support\Facades\File::class,
-        'Gate'      => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Gate::class,
-        'Hash'      => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash::class,
-        'Lang'      => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Lang::class,
-        'Log'       => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log::class,
-        'Mail'      => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail::class,
-        'Password'  => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Password::class,
-        'Queue'     => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Queue::class,
-        'Redirect'  => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Redirect::class,
-        'Redis'     => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Redis::class,
-        'Request'   => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Request::class,
-        'Response'  => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Response::class,
-        'Route'     => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route::class,
-        'Schema'    => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema::class,
-        'Session'   => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Session::class,
-        'Storage'   => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage::class,
-        'URL'       => Illuminate\Support\Facades\URL::class,
+        'App' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\App::class,
+        'Artisan' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Artisan::class,
+        'Auth' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth::class,
+        'Blade' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Blade::class,
+        'Cache' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache::class,
+        'Config' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Config::class,
+        'Cookie' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cookie::class,
+        'Crypt' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Crypt::class,
+        'DB' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB::class,
+        'Eloquent' => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model::class,
+        'Event' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Event::class,
+        'File' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\File::class,
+        'Gate' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Gate::class,
+        'Hash' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash::class,
+        'Lang' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Lang::class,
+        'Log' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log::class,
+        'Mail' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail::class,
+        'Password' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Password::class,
+        'Queue' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Queue::class,
+        'Redirect' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Redirect::class,
+        'Redis' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Redis::class,
+        'Request' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Request::class,
+        'Response' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Response::class,
+        'Route' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route::class,
+        'Schema' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema::class,
+        'Session' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Session::class,
+        'Storage' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage::class,
+        'URL' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\URL::class,
         'Validator' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator::class,
-        'View'      => Illuminate\Support\Facades\View::class,
+        'View' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\View::class,
 
     ],
 
diff --git a/config/cache.php b/config/cache.php
index b00a9989..3ffa840b 100644
--- a/config/cache.php
+++ b/config/cache.php
@@ -38,17 +38,17 @@
 
         'database' => [
             'driver' => 'database',
-            'table'  => 'cache',
+            'table' => 'cache',
             'connection' => null,
         ],
 
         'file' => [
             'driver' => 'file',
-            'path'   => storage_path('framework/cache'),
+            'path' => storage_path('framework/cache'),
         ],
 
         'memcached' => [
-            'driver'  => 'memcached',
+            'driver' => 'memcached',
             'servers' => [
                 [
                     'host' => env('MEMCACHED_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
diff --git a/config/database.php b/config/database.php
index edd64256..def1e560 100644
--- a/config/database.php
+++ b/config/database.php
@@ -47,43 +47,35 @@
     'connections' => [
 
         'sqlite' => [
-            'driver'   => 'sqlite',
+            'driver' => 'sqlite',
             'database' => database_path('database.sqlite'),
-            'prefix'   => '',
+            'prefix' => '',
         ],
 
         'mysql' => [
-            'driver'    => 'mysql',
-            'host'      => env('DB_HOST', 'localhost'),
-            'database'  => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
-            'username'  => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
-            'password'  => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
-            'charset'   => 'utf8',
+            'driver' => 'mysql',
+            'host' => env('DB_HOST', 'localhost'),
+            'port' => env('DB_PORT', '3306'),
+            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
+            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
+            'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
+            'charset' => 'utf8',
             'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci',
-            'prefix'    => '',
-            'strict'    => false,
-            'engine'    => null,
+            'prefix' => '',
+            'strict' => false,
+            'engine' => null,
         ],
 
         'pgsql' => [
-            'driver'   => 'pgsql',
-            'host'     => env('DB_HOST', 'localhost'),
+            'driver' => 'pgsql',
+            'host' => env('DB_HOST', 'localhost'),
+            'port' => env('DB_PORT', '5432'),
             'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
             'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
             'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
-            'charset'  => 'utf8',
-            'prefix'   => '',
-            'schema'   => 'public',
-        ],
-
-        'sqlsrv' => [
-            'driver'   => 'sqlsrv',
-            'host'     => env('DB_HOST', 'localhost'),
-            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
-            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
-            'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
-            'charset'  => 'utf8',
-            'prefix'   => '',
+            'charset' => 'utf8',
+            'prefix' => '',
+            'schema' => 'public',
         ],
 
     ],
@@ -117,9 +109,9 @@
         'cluster' => false,
 
         'default' => [
-            'host'     => env('REDIS_HOST', 'localhost'),
+            'host' => env('REDIS_HOST', 'localhost'),
             'password' => env('REDIS_PASSWORD', null),
-            'port'     => env('REDIS_PORT', 6379),
+            'port' => env('REDIS_PORT', 6379),
             'database' => 0,
         ],
 
diff --git a/config/filesystems.php b/config/filesystems.php
index 3fffcf0a..75b50022 100644
--- a/config/filesystems.php
+++ b/config/filesystems.php
@@ -45,41 +45,23 @@
 
         'local' => [
             'driver' => 'local',
-            'root'   => storage_path('app'),
+            'root' => storage_path('app'),
         ],
 
-        'ftp' => [
-            'driver'   => 'ftp',
-            'host'     => 'ftp.example.com',
-            'username' => 'your-username',
-            'password' => 'your-password',
-
-            // Optional FTP Settings...
-            // 'port'     => 21,
-            // 'root'     => '',
-            // 'passive'  => true,
-            // 'ssl'      => true,
-            // 'timeout'  => 30,
+        'public' => [
+            'driver' => 'local',
+            'root' => storage_path('app/public'),
+            'visibility' => 'public',
         ],
 
         's3' => [
             'driver' => 's3',
-            'key'    => 'your-key',
+            'key' => 'your-key',
             'secret' => 'your-secret',
             'region' => 'your-region',
             'bucket' => 'your-bucket',
         ],
 
-        'rackspace' => [
-            'driver'    => 'rackspace',
-            'username'  => 'your-username',
-            'key'       => 'your-key',
-            'container' => 'your-container',
-            'endpoint'  => 'https://identity.api.rackspacecloud.com/v2.0/',
-            'region'    => 'IAD',
-            'url_type'  => 'publicURL',
-        ],
-
     ],
 
 ];
diff --git a/config/mail.php b/config/mail.php
index cb783c90..a0765885 100644
--- a/config/mail.php
+++ b/config/mail.php
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
     | sending of e-mail. You may specify which one you're using throughout
     | your application here. By default, Laravel is setup for SMTP mail.
     |
-    | Supported: "smtp", "mail", "sendmail", "mailgun", "mandrill", "ses", "log"
+    | Supported: "smtp", "mail", "sendmail", "mailgun", "mandrill",
+    |            "ses", "sparkpost", "log"
     |
     */
 
diff --git a/config/queue.php b/config/queue.php
index 6c2b7d2e..a2f3888c 100644
--- a/config/queue.php
+++ b/config/queue.php
@@ -37,32 +37,32 @@
 
         'database' => [
             'driver' => 'database',
-            'table'  => 'jobs',
-            'queue'  => 'default',
+            'table' => 'jobs',
+            'queue' => 'default',
             'expire' => 60,
         ],
 
         'beanstalkd' => [
             'driver' => 'beanstalkd',
-            'host'   => 'localhost',
-            'queue'  => 'default',
-            'ttr'    => 60,
+            'host' => 'localhost',
+            'queue' => 'default',
+            'ttr' => 60,
         ],
 
         'sqs' => [
             'driver' => 'sqs',
-            'key'    => 'your-public-key',
+            'key' => 'your-public-key',
             'secret' => 'your-secret-key',
             'prefix' => 'https://sqs.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/your-account-id',
-            'queue'  => 'your-queue-name',
+            'queue' => 'your-queue-name',
             'region' => 'us-east-1',
         ],
 
         'redis' => [
-            'driver'     => 'redis',
+            'driver' => 'redis',
             'connection' => 'default',
-            'queue'      => 'default',
-            'expire'     => 60,
+            'queue' => 'default',
+            'expire' => 60,
         ],
 
     ],
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
 
     'failed' => [
         'database' => env('DB_CONNECTION', 'mysql'),
-        'table'    => 'failed_jobs',
+        'table' => 'failed_jobs',
     ],
 
 ];
diff --git a/config/services.php b/config/services.php
index 93eec863..287b1186 100644
--- a/config/services.php
+++ b/config/services.php
@@ -19,19 +19,19 @@
         'secret' => env('MAILGUN_SECRET'),
     ],
 
-    'mandrill' => [
-        'secret' => env('MANDRILL_SECRET'),
-    ],
-
     'ses' => [
-        'key'    => env('SES_KEY'),
+        'key' => env('SES_KEY'),
         'secret' => env('SES_SECRET'),
         'region' => 'us-east-1',
     ],
 
+    'sparkpost' => [
+        'secret' => env('SPARKPOST_SECRET'),
+    ],
+
     'stripe' => [
-        'model'  => App\User::class,
-        'key'    => env('STRIPE_KEY'),
+        'model' => App\User::class,
+        'key' => env('STRIPE_KEY'),
         'secret' => env('STRIPE_SECRET'),
     ],
 
diff --git a/database/factories/ModelFactory.php b/database/factories/ModelFactory.php
index 0876c70c..f596d0b5 100644
--- a/database/factories/ModelFactory.php
+++ b/database/factories/ModelFactory.php
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 $factory->define(App\User::class, function (Faker\Generator $faker) {
     return [
         'name' => $faker->name,
-        'email' => $faker->email,
+        'email' => $faker->safeEmail,
         'password' => bcrypt(str_random(10)),
         'remember_token' => str_random(10),
     ];
diff --git a/database/migrations/.gitkeep b/database/migrations/.gitkeep
index e69de29b..8b137891 100644
--- a/database/migrations/.gitkeep
+++ b/database/migrations/.gitkeep
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
diff --git a/database/migrations/2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table.php b/database/migrations/2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table.php
index 65d3d083..59aa01a5 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table.php
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ public function up()
             $table->increments('id');
             $table->string('name');
             $table->string('email')->unique();
-            $table->string('password', 60);
+            $table->string('password');
             $table->rememberToken();
             $table->timestamps();
         });
diff --git a/database/seeds/.gitkeep b/database/seeds/.gitkeep
index e69de29b..8b137891 100644
--- a/database/seeds/.gitkeep
+++ b/database/seeds/.gitkeep
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
diff --git a/database/seeds/DatabaseSeeder.php b/database/seeds/DatabaseSeeder.php
index 2a28edd7..e119db62 100644
--- a/database/seeds/DatabaseSeeder.php
+++ b/database/seeds/DatabaseSeeder.php
@@ -11,6 +11,6 @@ class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder
      */
     public function run()
     {
-        // $this->call(UserTableSeeder::class);
+        // $this->call(UsersTableSeeder::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/readme.md b/readme.md
index 8f1a9496..7f8816d6 100644
--- a/readme.md
+++ b/readme.md
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ # Laravel PHP Framework
 
 Laravel is a web application framework with expressive, elegant syntax. We believe development must be an enjoyable, creative experience to be truly fulfilling. Laravel attempts to take the pain out of development by easing common tasks used in the majority of web projects, such as authentication, routing, sessions, queueing, and caching.
 
-Laravel is accessible, yet powerful, providing powerful tools needed for large, robust applications. A superb inversion of control container, expressive migration system, and tightly integrated unit testing support give you the tools you need to build any application with which you are tasked.
+Laravel is accessible, yet powerful, providing tools needed for large, robust applications. A superb inversion of control container, expressive migration system, and tightly integrated unit testing support give you the tools you need to build any application with which you are tasked.
 
 ## Official Documentation
 
@@ -24,4 +24,4 @@ ## Security Vulnerabilities
 
 ## License
 
-The Laravel framework is open-sourced software licensed under the [MIT license](http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+The Laravel framework is open-sourced software licensed under the [MIT license](http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT).
diff --git a/resources/lang/en/validation.php b/resources/lang/en/validation.php
index b0a1f143..b1e61204 100644
--- a/resources/lang/en/validation.php
+++ b/resources/lang/en/validation.php
@@ -34,11 +34,13 @@
     'different'            => 'The :attribute and :other must be different.',
     'digits'               => 'The :attribute must be :digits digits.',
     'digits_between'       => 'The :attribute must be between :min and :max digits.',
+    'distinct'             => 'The :attribute field has a duplicate value.',
     'email'                => 'The :attribute must be a valid email address.',
     'exists'               => 'The selected :attribute is invalid.',
     'filled'               => 'The :attribute field is required.',
     'image'                => 'The :attribute must be an image.',
     'in'                   => 'The selected :attribute is invalid.',
+    'in_array'             => 'The :attribute field does not exist in :other.',
     'integer'              => 'The :attribute must be an integer.',
     'ip'                   => 'The :attribute must be a valid IP address.',
     'json'                 => 'The :attribute must be a valid JSON string.',
@@ -57,6 +59,7 @@
     ],
     'not_in'               => 'The selected :attribute is invalid.',
     'numeric'              => 'The :attribute must be a number.',
+    'present'              => 'The :attribute field must be present.',
     'regex'                => 'The :attribute format is invalid.',
     'required'             => 'The :attribute field is required.',
     'required_if'          => 'The :attribute field is required when :other is :value.',
diff --git a/resources/views/vendor/.gitkeep b/resources/views/vendor/.gitkeep
index e69de29b..8b137891 100644
--- a/resources/views/vendor/.gitkeep
+++ b/resources/views/vendor/.gitkeep
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
diff --git a/storage/app/.gitignore b/storage/app/.gitignore
index c96a04f0..8f4803c0 100644
--- a/storage/app/.gitignore
+++ b/storage/app/.gitignore
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 *
-!.gitignore
\ No newline at end of file
+!public/
+!.gitignore
diff --git a/storage/app/public/.gitignore b/storage/app/public/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d6b7ef32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storage/app/public/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+*
+!.gitignore
diff --git a/storage/framework/cache/.gitignore b/storage/framework/cache/.gitignore
index c96a04f0..d6b7ef32 100644
--- a/storage/framework/cache/.gitignore
+++ b/storage/framework/cache/.gitignore
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 *
-!.gitignore
\ No newline at end of file
+!.gitignore