"""Python bindings for 0MQ."""

# Copyright (C) PyZMQ Developers
# Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.

from __future__ import annotations

import atexit
import os
from threading import Lock
from typing import Any, Callable, Generic, TypeVar, overload
from warnings import warn
from weakref import WeakSet

import zmq
from zmq._typing import TypeAlias
from zmq.backend import Context as ContextBase
from zmq.constants import ContextOption, Errno, SocketOption
from zmq.error import ZMQError
from zmq.utils.interop import cast_int_addr

from .attrsettr import AttributeSetter, OptValT
from .socket import Socket, SyncSocket

# notice when exiting, to avoid triggering term on exit
_exiting = False


def _notice_atexit() -> None:
    global _exiting
    _exiting = True


atexit.register(_notice_atexit)

_ContextType = TypeVar('_ContextType', bound='Context')
_SocketType = TypeVar('_SocketType', bound='Socket', covariant=True)


class Context(ContextBase, AttributeSetter, Generic[_SocketType]):
    """Create a zmq Context

    A zmq Context creates sockets via its ``ctx.socket`` method.

    .. versionchanged:: 24

        When using a Context as a context manager (``with zmq.Context()``),
        or deleting a context without closing it first,
        ``ctx.destroy()`` is called,
        closing any leftover sockets,
        instead of `ctx.term()` which requires sockets to be closed first.

        This prevents hangs caused by `ctx.term()` if sockets are left open,
        but means that unclean destruction of contexts
        (with sockets left open) is not safe
        if sockets are managed in other threads.

    .. versionadded:: 25

        Contexts can now be shadowed by passing another Context.
        This helps in creating an async copy of a sync context or vice versa::

            ctx = zmq.Context(async_ctx)

        Which previously had to be::

            ctx = zmq.Context.shadow(async_ctx.underlying)
    """

    sockopts: dict[int, Any]
    _instance: Any = None
    _instance_lock = Lock()
    _instance_pid: int | None = None
    _shadow = False
    _shadow_obj = None
    _warn_destroy_close = False
    _sockets: WeakSet
    # mypy doesn't like a default value here
    _socket_class: type[_SocketType] = Socket  # type: ignore

    @overload
    def __init__(self: SyncContext, io_threads: int = 1): ...

    @overload
    def __init__(self: SyncContext, io_threads: Context):
        # this should be positional-only, but that requires 3.8
        ...

    @overload
    def __init__(self: SyncContext, *, shadow: Context | int): ...

    def __init__(
        self: SyncContext,
        io_threads: int | Context = 1,
        shadow: Context | int = 0,
    ) -> None:
        if isinstance(io_threads, Context):
            # allow positional shadow `zmq.Context(zmq.asyncio.Context())`
            # this s
            shadow = io_threads
            io_threads = 1

        shadow_address: int = 0
        if shadow:
            self._shadow = True
            # hold a reference to the shadow object
            self._shadow_obj = shadow
            if not isinstance(shadow, int):
                try:
                    shadow = shadow.underlying
                except AttributeError:
                    pass
            shadow_address = cast_int_addr(shadow)
        else:
            self._shadow = False
        super().__init__(io_threads=io_threads, shadow=shadow_address)
        self.sockopts = {}
        self._sockets = WeakSet()

    def __del__(self) -> None:
        """Deleting a Context without closing it destroys it and all sockets.

        .. versionchanged:: 24
            Switch from threadsafe `term()` which hangs in the event of open sockets
            to less safe `destroy()` which
            warns about any leftover sockets and closes them.
        """

        # Calling locals() here conceals issue #1167 on Windows CPython 3.5.4.
        locals()

        if not self._shadow and not _exiting and not self.closed:
            self._warn_destroy_close = True
            if warn is not None and getattr(self, "_sockets", None) is not None:
                # warn can be None during process teardown
                warn(
                    f"Unclosed context {self}",
                    ResourceWarning,
                    stacklevel=2,
                    source=self,
                )
            self.destroy()

    _repr_cls = "zmq.Context"

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        cls = self.__class__
        # look up _repr_cls on exact class, not inherited
        _repr_cls = cls.__dict__.get("_repr_cls", None)
        if _repr_cls is None:
            _repr_cls = f"{cls.__module__}.{cls.__name__}"

        closed = ' closed' if self.closed else ''
        if getattr(self, "_sockets", None):
            n_sockets = len(self._sockets)
            s = 's' if n_sockets > 1 else ''
            sockets = f"{n_sockets} socket{s}"
        else:
            sockets = ""
        return f"<{_repr_cls}({sockets}) at {hex(id(self))}{closed}>"

    def __enter__(self: _ContextType) -> _ContextType:
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type: Any, exc_value: Any, traceback: Any) -> None:
        # warn about any leftover sockets before closing them
        self._warn_destroy_close = True
        self.destroy()

    def __copy__(self: _ContextType, memo: Any = None) -> _ContextType:
        """Copying a Context creates a shadow copy"""
        return self.__class__.shadow(self.underlying)

    __deepcopy__ = __copy__

    @classmethod
    def shadow(cls: type[_ContextType], address: int | zmq.Context) -> _ContextType:
        """Shadow an existing libzmq context

        address is a zmq.Context or an integer (or FFI pointer)
        representing the address of the libzmq context.

        .. versionadded:: 14.1

        .. versionadded:: 25
            Support for shadowing `zmq.Context` objects,
            instead of just integer addresses.
        """
        return cls(shadow=address)

    @classmethod
    def shadow_pyczmq(cls: type[_ContextType], ctx: Any) -> _ContextType:
        """Shadow an existing pyczmq context

        ctx is the FFI `zctx_t *` pointer

        .. versionadded:: 14.1
        """
        from pyczmq import zctx  # type: ignore

        from zmq.utils.interop import cast_int_addr

        underlying = zctx.underlying(ctx)
        address = cast_int_addr(underlying)
        return cls(shadow=address)

    # static method copied from tornado IOLoop.instance
    @classmethod
    def instance(cls: type[_ContextType], io_threads: int = 1) -> _ContextType:
        """Returns a global Context instance.

        Most single-process applications have a single, global Context.
        Use this method instead of passing around Context instances
        throughout your code.

        A common pattern for classes that depend on Contexts is to use
        a default argument to enable programs with multiple Contexts
        but not require the argument for simpler applications::

            class MyClass(object):
                def __init__(self, context=None):
                    self.context = context or Context.instance()

        .. versionchanged:: 18.1

            When called in a subprocess after forking,
            a new global instance is created instead of inheriting
            a Context that won't work from the parent process.
        """
        if (
            cls._instance is None
            or cls._instance_pid != os.getpid()
            or cls._instance.closed
        ):
            with cls._instance_lock:
                if (
                    cls._instance is None
                    or cls._instance_pid != os.getpid()
                    or cls._instance.closed
                ):
                    cls._instance = cls(io_threads=io_threads)
                    cls._instance_pid = os.getpid()
        return cls._instance

    def term(self) -> None:
        """Close or terminate the context.

        Context termination is performed in the following steps:

        - Any blocking operations currently in progress on sockets open within context shall
          raise :class:`zmq.ContextTerminated`.
          With the exception of socket.close(), any further operations on sockets open within this context
          shall raise :class:`zmq.ContextTerminated`.
        - After interrupting all blocking calls, term shall block until the following conditions are satisfied:
            - All sockets open within context have been closed.
            - For each socket within context, all messages sent on the socket have either been
              physically transferred to a network peer,
              or the socket's linger period set with the zmq.LINGER socket option has expired.

        For further details regarding socket linger behaviour refer to libzmq documentation for ZMQ_LINGER.

        This can be called to close the context by hand. If this is not called,
        the context will automatically be closed when it is garbage collected,
        in which case you may see a ResourceWarning about the unclosed context.
        """
        super().term()

    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Hooks for ctxopt completion
    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    def __dir__(self) -> list[str]:
        keys = dir(self.__class__)
        keys.extend(ContextOption.__members__)
        return keys

    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Creating Sockets
    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    def _add_socket(self, socket: Any) -> None:
        """Add a weakref to a socket for Context.destroy / reference counting"""
        self._sockets.add(socket)

    def _rm_socket(self, socket: Any) -> None:
        """Remove a socket for Context.destroy / reference counting"""
        # allow _sockets to be None in case of process teardown
        if getattr(self, "_sockets", None) is not None:
            self._sockets.discard(socket)

    def destroy(self, linger: int | None = None) -> None:
        """Close all sockets associated with this context and then terminate
        the context.

        .. warning::

            destroy involves calling :meth:`Socket.close`, which is **NOT** threadsafe.
            If there are active sockets in other threads, this must not be called.

        Parameters
        ----------

        linger : int, optional
            If specified, set LINGER on sockets prior to closing them.
        """
        if self.closed:
            return

        sockets: list[_SocketType] = list(getattr(self, "_sockets", None) or [])
        for s in sockets:
            if s and not s.closed:
                if self._warn_destroy_close and warn is not None:
                    # warn can be None during process teardown
                    warn(
                        f"Destroying context with unclosed socket {s}",
                        ResourceWarning,
                        stacklevel=3,
                        source=s,
                    )
                if linger is not None:
                    s.setsockopt(SocketOption.LINGER, linger)
                s.close()

        self.term()

    def socket(
        self: _ContextType,
        socket_type: int,
        socket_class: Callable[[_ContextType, int], _SocketType] | None = None,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> _SocketType:
        """Create a Socket associated with this Context.

        Parameters
        ----------
        socket_type : int
            The socket type, which can be any of the 0MQ socket types:
            REQ, REP, PUB, SUB, PAIR, DEALER, ROUTER, PULL, PUSH, etc.

        socket_class: zmq.Socket
            The socket class to instantiate, if different from the default for this Context.
            e.g. for creating an asyncio socket attached to a default Context or vice versa.

            .. versionadded:: 25

        kwargs:
            will be passed to the __init__ method of the socket class.
        """
        if self.closed:
            raise ZMQError(Errno.ENOTSUP)
        if socket_class is None:
            socket_class = self._socket_class
        s: _SocketType = (
            socket_class(  # set PYTHONTRACEMALLOC=2 to get the calling frame
                self, socket_type, **kwargs
            )
        )
        for opt, value in self.sockopts.items():
            try:
                s.setsockopt(opt, value)
            except ZMQError:
                # ignore ZMQErrors, which are likely for socket options
                # that do not apply to a particular socket type, e.g.
                # SUBSCRIBE for non-SUB sockets.
                pass
        self._add_socket(s)
        return s

    def setsockopt(self, opt: int, value: Any) -> None:
        """set default socket options for new sockets created by this Context

        .. versionadded:: 13.0
        """
        self.sockopts[opt] = value

    def getsockopt(self, opt: int) -> OptValT:
        """get default socket options for new sockets created by this Context

        .. versionadded:: 13.0
        """
        return self.sockopts[opt]

    def _set_attr_opt(self, name: str, opt: int, value: OptValT) -> None:
        """set default sockopts as attributes"""
        if name in ContextOption.__members__:
            return self.set(opt, value)
        elif name in SocketOption.__members__:
            self.sockopts[opt] = value
        else:
            raise AttributeError(f"No such context or socket option: {name}")

    def _get_attr_opt(self, name: str, opt: int) -> OptValT:
        """get default sockopts as attributes"""
        if name in ContextOption.__members__:
            return self.get(opt)
        else:
            if opt not in self.sockopts:
                raise AttributeError(name)
            else:
                return self.sockopts[opt]

    def __delattr__(self, key: str) -> None:
        """delete default sockopts as attributes"""
        if key in self.__dict__:
            self.__dict__.pop(key)
            return
        key = key.upper()
        try:
            opt = getattr(SocketOption, key)
        except AttributeError:
            raise AttributeError(f"No such socket option: {key!r}")
        else:
            if opt not in self.sockopts:
                raise AttributeError(key)
            else:
                del self.sockopts[opt]


SyncContext: TypeAlias = Context[SyncSocket]


__all__ = ['Context', 'SyncContext']
