19 KiB

Raw Blame History

📡 Smart Rack LoRa Communication API

Backend API untuk komunikasi LoRa (Long Range) yang dapat menerima dan mengirim data dari/ke sensor-sensor IoT dengan jangkauan jauh dan konsumsi daya rendah.

📡 API Endpoints

1. Terima Message LoRa dari Gateway

POST /api/lora/receive
Content-Type: application/json

{
    "node_id": "LORA_001",
    "gateway_id": "GATEWAY_001",
    "payload": "SENSOR|VIBRATION|1.5,2.3,1.8|2.0",
    "rssi": -85.5,
    "snr": 8.2,
    "spreading_factor": 7,
    "frequency": 868.1,
    "bandwidth": 125000,
    "received_at": "2026-04-28T10:30:00Z",
    "metadata": {
        "gateway_location": "Building_A",
        "channel": 0
    }
}

Response Success:

{
    "success": true,
    "message": "LoRa message received successfully",
    "data": {
        "message_id": 129,
        "node_id": "LORA_001",
        "message_type": "sensor_data",
        "signal_quality": "good",
        "estimated_distance": 2.5,
        "processing_result": {
            "success": true,
            "action": "vibration_data_saved",
            "vibration_reading_id": 45,
            "magnitude": 3.21,
            "status": "warning",
            "is_abnormal": true
        },
        "received_at": "2026-04-28T10:30:00Z"
    }
}

2. Kirim Command ke LoRa Node

POST /api/lora/send-command
Content-Type: application/json

{
    "node_id": "LORA_001",
    "action": "set_threshold",
    "parameters": ["2.5", "vibration"],
    "gateway_id": "GATEWAY_001",
    "priority": "high"
}

Response:

{
    "success": true,
    "message": "Command sent to LoRa node",
    "data": {
        "message_id": 130,
        "command_id": "CMD_507f1f77bcf86cd799439011",
        "node_id": "LORA_001",
        "action": "set_threshold",
        "payload": "COMMAND|set_threshold|2.5,vibration|CMD_507f1f77bcf86cd799439011",
        "transmission_result": {
            "success": true,
            "simulated": true
        },
        "transmitted_at": "2026-04-28T10:35:00Z"
    }
}

3. Kirim Konfigurasi ke LoRa Node

POST /api/lora/send-config
Content-Type: application/json

{
    "node_id": "LORA_001",
    "parameter": "sleep_time",
    "value": "300",
    "gateway_id": "GATEWAY_001"
}

Response:

{
    "success": true,
    "message": "Configuration sent to LoRa node",
    "data": {
        "message_id": 131,
        "config_id": "CFG_507f1f77bcf86cd799439012",
        "node_id": "LORA_001",
        "parameter": "sleep_time",
        "value": "300",
        "payload": "CONFIG|sleep_time|300|CFG_507f1f77bcf86cd799439012",
        "transmission_result": {
            "success": true,
            "simulated": true
        },
        "transmitted_at": "2026-04-28T10:40:00Z"
    }
}

4. Ambil Messages LoRa Terbaru

GET /api/lora/messages?node_id=LORA_001&direction=inbound&message_type=sensor_data&limit=50

Response:

{
    "success": true,
    "data": [
        {
            "id": 129,
            "node_id": "LORA_001",
            "gateway_id": "GATEWAY_001",
            "direction": "inbound",
            "message_type": "sensor_data",
            "payload": "SENSOR|VIBRATION|1.5,2.3,1.8|2.0",
            "parsed_data": {
                "sensor_type": "VIBRATION",
                "x_axis": 1.5,
                "y_axis": 2.3,
                "z_axis": 1.8,
                "threshold": 2.0
            },
            "rssi": -85.5,
            "snr": 8.2,
            "spreading_factor": 7,
            "frequency": 868.1,
            "signal_quality": "good",
            "estimated_distance": 2.5,
            "is_processed": true,
            "status": "processed",
            "received_at": "2026-04-28T10:30:00Z",
            "device": {
                "id": 1,
                "name": "LoRa Vibration Sensor A",
                "location": "Ruang Server"
            }
        }
    ],
    "count": 1
}

5. Ambil Statistik LoRa Communication

GET /api/lora/statistics?node_id=LORA_001&hours=24

Response:

{
    "success": true,
    "data": {
        "total_messages": 150,
        "inbound_messages": 120,
        "outbound_messages": 30,
        "processed_messages": 145,
        "failed_messages": 5,
        "acknowledged_messages": 25,
        "success_rate": 96.67,
        "avg_rssi": -82.3,
        "avg_snr": 7.8,
        "message_types": {
            "sensor_data": 100,
            "heartbeat": 20,
            "command": 25,
            "ack": 3,
            "config": 2
        },
        "node_statistics": {
            "LORA_001": {
                "message_count": 85,
                "avg_rssi": -80.5,
                "last_seen": "2026-04-28T10:30:00Z"
            },
            "LORA_002": {
                "message_count": 65,
                "avg_rssi": -88.2,
                "last_seen": "2026-04-28T10:25:00Z"
            }
        },
        "signal_quality_distribution": {
            "excellent": 15,
            "good": 45,
            "fair": 60,
            "poor": 25,
            "unknown": 5
        },
        "latest_message": {
            "id": 129,
            "node_id": "LORA_001",
            "message_type": "sensor_data",
            "received_at": "2026-04-28T10:30:00Z"
        }
    },
    "period_hours": 24
}

6. Process Unprocessed Messages

POST /api/lora/process-messages

📊 LoRa Message Format

Sensor Data Payload Format:

SENSOR|{SENSOR_TYPE}|{DATA}|{ADDITIONAL_PARAMS}

Contoh:

Vibration: SENSOR|VIBRATION|1.5,2.3,1.8|2.0
PIR: SENSOR|PIR|1|85|120|front
Door: SENSOR|DOOR|1|EMP-1234|45|keycard|front_door

Command Payload Format:

COMMAND|{ACTION}|{PARAMETERS}|{COMMAND_ID}

Contoh:

COMMAND|reboot||CMD_123456
COMMAND|set_threshold|2.5,vibration|CMD_789012
COMMAND|read_sensors||CMD_345678

Config Payload Format:

CONFIG|{PARAMETER}|{VALUE}|{CONFIG_ID}

Contoh:

CONFIG|sleep_time|300|CFG_123456
CONFIG|tx_power|14|CFG_789012
CONFIG|threshold|2.0|CFG_345678

Heartbeat Payload Format:

HEARTBEAT|{BATTERY_LEVEL}|{SIGNAL_STRENGTH}|{UPTIME}

Contoh:

HEARTBEAT|85|75|3600

ACK Payload Format:

ACK|{COMMAND_ID}|{STATUS}|{MESSAGE}

Contoh:

ACK|CMD_123456|success|Command executed
ACK|CFG_789012|failed|Invalid parameter

🔧 LoRa Parameters

Signal Quality Levels:

Excellent: RSSI ≥ -70 dBm
Good: -85 dBm ≤ RSSI < -70 dBm
Fair: -100 dBm ≤ RSSI < -85 dBm
Poor: RSSI < -100 dBm

Spreading Factor (SF):

SF7: Fastest data rate, shortest range
SF8-SF10: Balanced speed and range
SF11-SF12: Slowest data rate, longest range

Frequency Bands:

EU868: 868.1 - 868.5 MHz (Europe)
US915: 902 - 928 MHz (North America)
AS923: 923 MHz (Asia)

Bandwidth Options:

125 kHz: Standard bandwidth
250 kHz: Higher data rate
500 kHz: Highest data rate

📡 Database Schema

lo_ra_messages table:

- id (bigint, primary key)
- device_id (foreign key to devices, nullable)
- node_id (string) - LoRa node identifier
- gateway_id (string) - LoRa gateway identifier
- direction (enum: inbound, outbound)
- message_type (enum: sensor_data, command, heartbeat, ack, config)
- payload (text) - Raw LoRa message
- parsed_data (json) - Parsed sensor data
- rssi (float) - Signal strength
- snr (float) - Signal-to-noise ratio
- spreading_factor (integer) - LoRa SF (7-12)
- frequency (float) - Frequency in MHz
- bandwidth (integer) - Bandwidth in Hz
- is_processed (boolean) - Processing status
- is_acknowledged (boolean) - ACK status
- status (string) - Message status
- error_message (text) - Error details
- metadata (json) - Additional parameters
- transmitted_at (timestamp) - Transmission time
- received_at (timestamp) - Reception time
- created_at, updated_at

🔌 Integrasi LoRa Device

Arduino/ESP32 + LoRa Module Example:

#include <SPI.h>
#include <LoRa.h>
#include <ArduinoJson.h>

// LoRa pins
#define SS 18
#define RST 14
#define DIO0 26

String nodeId = "LORA_001";
float vibrationThreshold = 2.0;

void setup() {
    Serial.begin(115200);
    
    // Initialize LoRa
    LoRa.setPins(SS, RST, DIO0);
    if (!LoRa.begin(868E6)) {
        Serial.println("Starting LoRa failed!");
        while (1);
    }
    
    // LoRa configuration
    LoRa.setSpreadingFactor(7);
    LoRa.setSignalBandwidth(125E3);
    LoRa.setCodingRate4(5);
    LoRa.setTxPower(14);
    
    Serial.println("LoRa Sensor Node Started");
}

void loop() {
    // Read sensors
    float x = readAccelX();
    float y = readAccelY(); 
    float z = readAccelZ();
    
    // Send sensor data
    sendVibrationData(x, y, z, vibrationThreshold);
    
    // Check for incoming commands
    checkForCommands();
    
    // Send heartbeat every 5 minutes
    static unsigned long lastHeartbeat = 0;
    if (millis() - lastHeartbeat > 300000) {
        sendHeartbeat();
        lastHeartbeat = millis();
    }
    
    delay(10000); // Send data every 10 seconds
}

void sendVibrationData(float x, float y, float z, float threshold) {
    String payload = "SENSOR|VIBRATION|" + String(x) + "," + String(y) + "," + String(z) + "|" + String(threshold);
    
    LoRa.beginPacket();
    LoRa.print(payload);
    LoRa.endPacket();
    
    Serial.println("Sent: " + payload);
}

void sendHeartbeat() {
    int batteryLevel = readBatteryLevel();
    int signalStrength = LoRa.packetRssi();
    unsigned long uptime = millis() / 1000;
    
    String payload = "HEARTBEAT|" + String(batteryLevel) + "|" + String(signalStrength) + "|" + String(uptime);
    
    LoRa.beginPacket();
    LoRa.print(payload);
    LoRa.endPacket();
    
    Serial.println("Heartbeat sent: " + payload);
}

void checkForCommands() {
    int packetSize = LoRa.parsePacket();
    if (packetSize) {
        String command = "";
        while (LoRa.available()) {
            command += (char)LoRa.read();
        }
        
        Serial.println("Received command: " + command);
        processCommand(command);
    }
}

void processCommand(String command) {
    // Parse command: COMMAND|action|parameters|command_id
    int firstPipe = command.indexOf('|');
    int secondPipe = command.indexOf('|', firstPipe + 1);
    int thirdPipe = command.indexOf('|', secondPipe + 1);
    
    if (firstPipe == -1) return;
    
    String type = command.substring(0, firstPipe);
    String action = command.substring(firstPipe + 1, secondPipe);
    String parameters = command.substring(secondPipe + 1, thirdPipe);
    String commandId = command.substring(thirdPipe + 1);
    
    if (type == "COMMAND") {
        if (action == "reboot") {
            sendAck(commandId, "success", "Rebooting");
            ESP.restart();
        } else if (action == "set_threshold") {
            vibrationThreshold = parameters.toFloat();
            sendAck(commandId, "success", "Threshold updated");
        } else if (action == "read_sensors") {
            float x = readAccelX();
            float y = readAccelY();
            float z = readAccelZ();
            sendVibrationData(x, y, z, vibrationThreshold);
            sendAck(commandId, "success", "Sensors read");
        } else {
            sendAck(commandId, "failed", "Unknown command");
        }
    }
}

void sendAck(String commandId, String status, String message) {
    String payload = "ACK|" + commandId + "|" + status + "|" + message;
    
    LoRa.beginPacket();
    LoRa.print(payload);
    LoRa.endPacket();
    
    Serial.println("ACK sent: " + payload);
}

float readAccelX() { return random(-300, 300) / 100.0; }
float readAccelY() { return random(-300, 300) / 100.0; }
float readAccelZ() { return random(-300, 300) / 100.0; }
int readBatteryLevel() { return random(20, 100); }

Python LoRa Gateway Example:

import serial
import requests
import json
import time
from datetime import datetime

class LoRaGateway:
    def __init__(self, serial_port='/dev/ttyUSB0', api_url='http://localhost:8000/api/lora'):
        self.serial_port = serial_port
        self.api_url = api_url
        self.gateway_id = 'GATEWAY_001'
        
    def start_listening(self):
        try:
            ser = serial.Serial(self.serial_port, 115200, timeout=1)
            print(f"LoRa Gateway started on {self.serial_port}")
            
            while True:
                if ser.in_waiting > 0:
                    line = ser.readline().decode('utf-8').strip()
                    if line:
                        self.process_lora_message(line)
                        
                time.sleep(0.1)
                
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Gateway error: {e}")
    
    def process_lora_message(self, raw_message):
        try:
            # Parse LoRa message format: NODE_ID:PAYLOAD:RSSI:SNR
            parts = raw_message.split(':')
            if len(parts) >= 4:
                node_id = parts[0]
                payload = parts[1]
                rssi = float(parts[2])
                snr = float(parts[3])
                
                # Send to backend API
                self.send_to_backend(node_id, payload, rssi, snr)
                
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Message processing error: {e}")
    
    def send_to_backend(self, node_id, payload, rssi, snr):
        try:
            data = {
                'node_id': node_id,
                'gateway_id': self.gateway_id,
                'payload': payload,
                'rssi': rssi,
                'snr': snr,
                'spreading_factor': 7,
                'frequency': 868.1,
                'bandwidth': 125000,
                'received_at': datetime.now().isoformat(),
                'metadata': {
                    'gateway_location': 'Building_A',
                    'channel': 0
                }
            }
            
            response = requests.post(f"{self.api_url}/receive", json=data)
            
            if response.status_code == 201:
                print(f"Message sent to backend: {node_id} -> {payload}")
            else:
                print(f"Backend error: {response.status_code}")
                
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Backend communication error: {e}")

# Usage
if __name__ == "__main__":
    gateway = LoRaGateway()
    gateway.start_listening()

🧪 Testing API

Test dengan cURL:

# Test receive LoRa message (vibration sensor)
curl -X POST http://localhost:8000/api/lora/receive \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "node_id": "LORA_001",
    "gateway_id": "GATEWAY_001",
    "payload": "SENSOR|VIBRATION|2.5,3.2,1.8|2.0",
    "rssi": -82.5,
    "snr": 7.8,
    "spreading_factor": 7,
    "frequency": 868.1
  }'

# Test receive LoRa message (PIR sensor)
curl -X POST http://localhost:8000/api/lora/receive \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "node_id": "LORA_002",
    "payload": "SENSOR|PIR|1|85|120|front",
    "rssi": -88.2,
    "snr": 6.5
  }'

# Test receive LoRa message (door access)
curl -X POST http://localhost:8000/api/lora/receive \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "node_id": "LORA_003",
    "payload": "SENSOR|DOOR|1|EMP-1234|45|keycard|front_door",
    "rssi": -75.8,
    "snr": 9.2
  }'

# Send command to LoRa node
curl -X POST http://localhost:8000/api/lora/send-command \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "node_id": "LORA_001",
    "action": "set_threshold",
    "parameters": ["2.5", "vibration"],
    "priority": "high"
  }'

# Send config to LoRa node
curl -X POST http://localhost:8000/api/lora/send-config \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "node_id": "LORA_001",
    "parameter": "sleep_time",
    "value": "300"
  }'

# Get LoRa messages
curl "http://localhost:8000/api/lora/messages?node_id=LORA_001&limit=10"

# Get LoRa statistics
curl "http://localhost:8000/api/lora/statistics?hours=24"

📈 LoRa Dashboard Features

Real-time Monitoring:

Active LoRa nodes status
Signal quality per node
Message throughput
Battery levels
Network coverage map

Communication Management:

Send commands to nodes
Configure node parameters
Monitor acknowledgments
Retry failed transmissions

🔒 Security & Best Practices

LoRa Security:

Payload Encryption: Encrypt sensitive sensor data
Node Authentication: Validate node IDs
Message Integrity: Check message checksums
Replay Protection: Prevent message replay attacks

Network Optimization:

Adaptive Data Rate (ADR): Optimize SF and TX power
Duty Cycle Compliance: Respect regional regulations
Gateway Load Balancing: Distribute traffic across gateways
Message Prioritization: Handle urgent messages first

🚀 Deployment & Configuration

Environment Variables:

# LoRa Gateway Settings
LORA_GATEWAY_URL=http://localhost:8080/lora/send
LORA_DEFAULT_FREQUENCY=868.1
LORA_DEFAULT_SF=7
LORA_DEFAULT_TX_POWER=14

# LoRa Network Settings
LORA_NETWORK_ID=1
LORA_APP_KEY=your_app_key_here
LORA_DEVICE_EUI_PREFIX=LORA_

# Processing Settings
LORA_AUTO_PROCESS=true
LORA_RETRY_FAILED_MESSAGES=true
LORA_MAX_RETRY_ATTEMPTS=3

Konfigurasi LoRa Network:

// config/lora.php
return [
    'gateway' => [
        'url' => env('LORA_GATEWAY_URL', 'http://localhost:8080/lora/send'),
        'timeout' => 10,
        'retry_attempts' => 3
    ],
    'network' => [
        'frequency' => env('LORA_DEFAULT_FREQUENCY', 868.1),
        'spreading_factor' => env('LORA_DEFAULT_SF', 7),
        'tx_power' => env('LORA_DEFAULT_TX_POWER', 14),
        'bandwidth' => 125000
    ],
    'processing' => [
        'auto_process' => env('LORA_AUTO_PROCESS', true),
        'batch_size' => 100,
        'retry_failed' => env('LORA_RETRY_FAILED_MESSAGES', true)
    ]
];

📞 Troubleshooting

Common Issues:

Poor signal quality: Adjust SF or TX power
Message loss: Check gateway connectivity
Processing delays: Increase batch processing
Node offline: Check battery and coverage

Monitoring Commands:

# Check LoRa logs
tail -f storage/logs/laravel.log | grep LoRa

# Process unprocessed messages
curl -X POST http://localhost:8000/api/lora/process-messages

# Check node statistics
curl "http://localhost:8000/api/lora/statistics?node_id=LORA_001"

Backend Smart Rack LoRa Communication siap digunakan! 🎉

Sistem akan otomatis:

✅ Menerima data sensor via LoRa dengan jangkauan jauh
✅ Parsing dan processing data sensor secara otomatis
✅ Mengirim command dan konfigurasi ke LoRa nodes
✅ Monitoring kualitas sinyal dan status nodes
✅ Integrasi seamless dengan sensor vibration, PIR, dan door access
✅ Menyediakan statistik dan analytics LoRa network
✅ Support multiple LoRa gateways dan nodes
✅ Battery monitoring dan low power management

19 KiB Raw Blame History

📡 Smart Rack LoRa Communication API

📡 API Endpoints

1. Terima Message LoRa dari Gateway

2. Kirim Command ke LoRa Node

3. Kirim Konfigurasi ke LoRa Node

4. Ambil Messages LoRa Terbaru

5. Ambil Statistik LoRa Communication

6. Process Unprocessed Messages

📊 LoRa Message Format

Sensor Data Payload Format:

Command Payload Format:

Config Payload Format:

Heartbeat Payload Format:

ACK Payload Format:

🔧 LoRa Parameters

Signal Quality Levels:

Spreading Factor (SF):

Frequency Bands:

Bandwidth Options:

📡 Database Schema

lo_ra_messages table:

🔌 Integrasi LoRa Device

Arduino/ESP32 + LoRa Module Example:

Python LoRa Gateway Example:

🧪 Testing API

Test dengan cURL:

📈 LoRa Dashboard Features

Real-time Monitoring:

Communication Management:

🔒 Security & Best Practices

LoRa Security:

Network Optimization:

🚀 Deployment & Configuration

Environment Variables:

Konfigurasi LoRa Network:

📞 Troubleshooting

Common Issues:

Monitoring Commands:

19 KiB

Raw Blame History