TKK_E32231503/backend/FIX_MQTT_MYSQL.md

🔧 Fix: Data Tidak Masuk ke MySQL Railway

🔍 Masalah yang Ditemukan

1. Backend Tidak Connect ke HiveMQ

• Backend menggunakan Aedes sebagai MQTT Broker internal
• Aedes broker DISABLED di Railway (tidak bisa bind port 1883)
• ESP32 publish data ke HiveMQ (broker.hivemq.com)
• Backend TIDAK subscribe ke HiveMQ, jadi tidak terima data dari ESP32

2. Alur Data yang Salah

❌ SEBELUM (TIDAK BERFUNGSI):

ESP32 → HiveMQ (broker.hivemq.com)
                ↓
            (data hilang)
                
Backend Railway (Aedes Broker) → MySQL
                ↑
            (tidak ada data)

3. Solusi yang Benar

✅ SESUDAH (BERFUNGSI):

ESP32 → HiveMQ (broker.hivemq.com)
                ↓
        Backend Railway (MQTT Client)
                ↓
            MySQL Database

---

✅ Perubahan yang Dilakukan

1. Install MQTT Client Package

File: package.json

"dependencies": {
  "mqtt": "^5.3.5",  // ← TAMBAHAN BARU
  ...
}

Install:

cd backend
npm install mqtt

---

2. Backend Connect ke HiveMQ sebagai Client

File: server.js

Import MQTT Client:

const mqtt = require('mqtt');  // ← TAMBAHAN BARU

Konfigurasi:

const MQTT_BROKER_URL = process.env.MQTT_BROKER_URL || 'mqtt://broker.hivemq.com:1883';
const MQTT_TOPICS = {
  data: 'novil/pengering/data',
  status: 'novil/pengering/status',
  button: 'novil/pengering/button',
  control: 'novil/pengering/control'
};

Connect ke HiveMQ:

const mqttClient = mqtt.connect(MQTT_BROKER_URL, {
  clientId: `backend_${Math.random().toString(16).slice(2, 10)}`,
  clean: true,
  connectTimeout: 4000,
  reconnectPeriod: 1000,
  keepalive: 60
});

mqttClient.on('connect', () => {
  console.log('✅ Connected to MQTT Broker (HiveMQ)');
  
  // Subscribe to all topics
  mqttClient.subscribe([
    MQTT_TOPICS.data,
    MQTT_TOPICS.status,
    MQTT_TOPICS.button
  ]);
});

Handle Messages dari ESP32:

mqttClient.on('message', async (topic, message) => {
  const msg = message.toString();
  
  // TOPIC: novil/pengering/data
  if (topic === MQTT_TOPICS.data) {
    const data = JSON.parse(msg);
    
    // Update latestData
    latestData = {
      suhu: data.suhu || 0,
      berat: data.berat || 0,
      target: data.target || 0,
      ...
    };
    
    // Save to MySQL
    await db.insertSensorData(latestData);
    console.log('✅ Data saved to MySQL database');
  }
  
  // TOPIC: novil/pengering/status
  if (topic === MQTT_TOPICS.status) {
    // Update status
    latestData.status = ...;
    
    // Save to MySQL
    await db.insertStatusHistory(msg);
    console.log('✅ Status saved to MySQL database');
  }
  
  // TOPIC: novil/pengering/button
  if (topic === MQTT_TOPICS.button) {
    // Save button event
    await db.insertStatusHistory(`BUTTON: ${msg}`);
    console.log('✅ Button event saved to MySQL database');
  }
});

Publish Command ke ESP32:

app.post('/api/control', async (req, res) => {
  const { command } = req.body;
  
  // Publish to HiveMQ
  mqttClient.publish(MQTT_TOPICS.control, command, { qos: 1 }, (err) => {
    if (err) {
      return res.status(500).json({ success: false, error: err.message });
    }
    
    console.log(`✅ Command published to MQTT: ${command}`);
    res.json({ success: true, command: command });
  });
});

---

3. Update Environment Variables

File: .env

# MQTT Broker Configuration
MQTT_BROKER_URL=mqtt://broker.hivemq.com:1883

# MySQL Database Configuration (Railway)
# Isi dengan credentials dari Railway MySQL Plugin
DATABASE_URL=mysql://user:password@host:port/database
# atau:
MYSQLHOST=your-railway-mysql-host.railway.app
MYSQLPORT=3306
MYSQLUSER=root
MYSQLPASSWORD=your-password
MYSQLDATABASE=railway

---

🚀 Cara Deploy ke Railway

1. Install Dependencies

cd backend
npm install

2. Test Lokal

npm start

Expected Output:

🔄 Connecting to MQTT Broker: mqtt://broker.hivemq.com:1883
✅ Connected to MQTT Broker (HiveMQ)
✅ Subscribed to topics:
   - novil/pengering/data
   - novil/pengering/status
   - novil/pengering/button

🚀 REST API running on port 3000
✅ Server is ready!

3. Test dengan ESP32

• Upload sketch ESP32
• Tekan button untuk start pengeringan
• Cek log backend:

📨 MQTT Message received:
   Topic: novil/pengering/status
   Message: PENGERINGAN DIMULAI
✅ Status saved to MySQL database

📨 MQTT Message received:
   Topic: novil/pengering/data
   Message: {"suhu":28.5,"berat":450,"target":315}
✅ Data saved to MySQL database

4. Push ke GitHub

git add .
git commit -m "Fix: Backend connect to HiveMQ as MQTT client"
git push

5. Configure Railway Environment Variables

Di Railway Dashboard:

1. Buka project → Variables
2. Tambahkan:
   • MQTT_BROKER_URL = mqtt://broker.hivemq.com:1883
3. MySQL credentials sudah otomatis dari Railway MySQL Plugin:
   • MYSQLHOST
   • MYSQLPORT
   • MYSQLUSER
   • MYSQLPASSWORD
   • MYSQLDATABASE

6. Redeploy

Railway akan auto-deploy setelah push ke GitHub.

---

🧪 Testing

1. Test MQTT Connection

curl https://your-app.railway.app/api/stats

Expected Response:

{
  "success": true,
  "stats": {
    "mqttConnected": true,  // ← Harus true
    "sensorDataCount": 123,
    "statusHistoryCount": 45,
    ...
  }
}

2. Test Data dari ESP32

• Jalankan ESP32
• Tunggu beberapa detik
• Check database:

curl https://your-app.railway.app/api/data/latest

Expected Response:

{
  "success": true,
  "data": {
    "suhu": 28.5,
    "berat": 450.0,
    "target": 315.0,
    "status": "RUNNING",
    "timestamp": "2026-05-28T10:30:00.000Z"
  }
}

3. Test History

curl https://your-app.railway.app/api/data/history?limit=10

Expected Response:

{
  "success": true,
  "count": 10,
  "data": [
    {
      "id": 1,
      "suhu": 28.5,
      "berat": 450.0,
      "target": 315.0,
      "timestamp": "2026-05-28 10:30:00"
    },
    ...
  ]
}

4. Test Send Command

curl -X POST https://your-app.railway.app/api/control \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"command":"HEATER_ON"}'

Expected Response:

{
  "success": true,
  "message": "Command sent successfully",
  "command": "HEATER_ON"
}

Check ESP32 Serial Monitor:

MQTT Message [novil/pengering/control] : HEATER_ON
HEATER ON

---

📊 Monitoring

Railway Logs

# Di Railway Dashboard → Deployments → View Logs

Expected Logs:

✅ Connected to MQTT Broker (HiveMQ)
✅ Subscribed to topics
📨 MQTT Message received: novil/pengering/data
✅ Data saved to MySQL database
📨 MQTT Message received: novil/pengering/status
✅ Status saved to MySQL database

ESP32 Serial Monitor

MQTT Data Sent: {"suhu":28.5,"berat":450,"target":315}
MQTT Data Sent: {"suhu":28.6,"berat":448,"target":315}

---

🔍 Troubleshooting

Problem: mqttConnected: false

Cause: Backend tidak bisa connect ke HiveMQ

Solution:

1. Check Railway logs untuk error
2. Pastikan MQTT_BROKER_URL benar
3. Check firewall/network Railway

---

Problem: Data masih tidak masuk ke MySQL

Cause: Database credentials salah

Solution:

1. Check Railway MySQL Plugin variables
2. Pastikan MYSQLHOST, MYSQLUSER, MYSQLPASSWORD, MYSQLDATABASE benar
3. Test connection:

curl https://your-app.railway.app/api/database/test

---

Problem: ESP32 tidak terima command

Cause: ESP32 tidak subscribe ke topic control

Solution:

1. Check ESP32 Serial Monitor:

Subscribed to: novil/pengering/control

2. Restart ESP32
3. Check MQTT connection

---

📝 Ringkasan Perubahan

Aspek	Sebelum	Sesudah
MQTT Role	❌ Broker (Aedes)	✅ Client (mqtt.js)
Connect to HiveMQ	❌ Tidak	✅ Ya
Subscribe Topics	❌ Tidak	✅ Ya (data, status, button)
Publish Commands	⚠️ Via Aedes	✅ Via HiveMQ
Save to MySQL	❌ Tidak ada data	✅ Berfungsi
Package	Aedes only	✅ Aedes + mqtt

---

✅ Checklist

Pre-Deploy:

• Install package mqtt
• Update server.js dengan MQTT client
• Update .env dengan MQTT_BROKER_URL
• Test lokal

Deploy:

• Push ke GitHub
• Configure Railway environment variables
• Wait for auto-deploy
• Check Railway logs

Post-Deploy:

• Test /api/stats → mqttConnected: true
• Test ESP32 → data masuk ke MySQL
• Test /api/data/latest → ada data
• Test /api/data/history → ada history
• Test send command → ESP32 terima

---

🎯 Expected Result

Setelah fix ini:

1. ✅ Backend connect ke HiveMQ sebagai MQTT client
2. ✅ Backend subscribe ke topic novil/pengering/data, status, button
3. ✅ ESP32 publish data → Backend terima → Save ke MySQL
4. ✅ Flutter send command → Backend publish ke HiveMQ → ESP32 terima
5. ✅ Data history tersimpan di MySQL Railway
6. ✅ Status history tersimpan di MySQL Railway

---

Selamat mencoba! 🚀🎉